Academy

80 kg ভরের একটি হরিণ 72 km h -1 সুষম বেগে চলার সময় 75 m পেছনে গাছের আড়ালে লুকিয়ে থাকা 200 kg ভরের একটি বাঘ 1.5 m s-2 সুষম ত্বরনে 30 s যাবত হরিণটিকে তাড়া করলো।

50 N বল বলতে কী বুঝ ?

Created: 1 year ago | Updated: 5 months ago
Updated: 5 months ago
Answer :

F = ma (Newton's 2nd Law ) 

ma = F

50kg*1m/s2 = 50N ( 50 কেজি ভরের কোনো বস্তু যদি 1m/s2 ত্বরণ প্রাপ্ত হয় তবে তার উপর 50N বল প্রয়োগ করা হয়েছে । ) 

or ,

1kg*50m/s^2=50N ( 1 কেজি ভরের কোনও বস্তুর যদি 50m/s2ত্বরণ হয় তবে বস্তুর উপর 50N বল প্রয়োগ করা হয় / কাজ করে ) 

উপরের দুটো'র মধ্যে যেকোনো একটা দিলেই হবে । 

1 year ago

পদার্থবিজ্ঞান

কোষচক্র 

যে কোষ থেকে কোষ বিভাজন শুরু হয় তাকে মাতৃকোষ বলে এবং যে নতুন কোষ সৃষ্টি হয় তাকে অপত্য বা কন্যা কোষ বলা হয়ে থাকে। যে চক্রের মাধ্যমে একটি মাতৃকোষ সৃষ্টি, এর বৃদ্ধি এবং পরবর্তী সময়ে বিভাজিত হয়ে দুটি অপত্য কোষের সৃষ্টি হয় তাকে কোষচক্র বলে। কোষচক্র দুটি প্রধান ধাপে বিভক্ত, বিভাজনরত অবস্থাকে বলা হয় মাইটোসিস পর্যায় (M phase) এবং বিভাজনের পূর্ববর্তী প্রস্তুতি অবস্থাকে বলা হয় ইন্টারফেজ (Interphase) পর্যায়। কোষচক্রের প্রায় 90-95% সময় ব্যয় হয় ইন্টারফেজ পর্যায়ে এবং বাকি 5-10% সময় ব্যয় হয় মাইটোসিস পর্যায়ে। ইন্টারফেজ পর্যায় আবার G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis) এবং G2 (Gap 2) এই তিনটি পর্যায়ে বিভক্ত। একটি কোষ বিভাজনের পর পরের কোষ বিভাজনের চক্রটি শুরু করার জন্য G1 হচ্ছে প্রথম পর্যায়। এই পর্যায়ে কোষের আকার বৃদ্ধি পায় এবং কোষটি তার চারপাশের পরিবেশ পর্যবেক্ষণ করে আবার কোষ বিভাজন করবে কি না সেটি নির্ধারণ করে। কোষ বিভাজনের প্রয়োজন না থাকলে কোষটি বিভাজনের প্রস্তুতি না নিয়ে 'বিশ্রাম পর্যায়ে' গিয়ে সঠিক সময়ের জন্য অপেক্ষা করে। পরবর্তী S পর্যায় হচ্ছে প্রতিলিপন পর্যায়, এই পর্যায়ে ডিএনএ প্রতিলিপন হয়ে প্রতিটি ক্রোমোজমের একটি অবিকল প্রতিলিপি তৈরি হয়। এর পরের G2 পর্যায়ে ডিএনএ প্রতিলিপনে কোনো ভুল হয়ে থাকলে তা সংশোধন করা হয়। এটি মাইটোসিস প্রক্রিয়া শুরু করার আগের পর্যায়। এই পর্যায়ে প্রতিটি ক্রোমোজমের সঙ্গে তার হুবহু প্রতিলিপি সেন্ট্রোমিয়ারে সংযুক্ত থাকে এবং তাদেরকে ক্রোমাটিড বলা হয়। G2 পর্যায় শেষ হওয়ার পর মাইটোসিস নামে প্রকৃত কোষ বিভাজন শুরু হয়।

কীভাবে এই কোষচক্রটি নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয় সেটি জেনে নেয়া দরকার, কারণ যদি কোষচক্র নিয়ন্ত্রণ ছাড়াই ঘটে, তবে কোষগুলো প্রস্তুত হওয়ার আগেই এক পর্যায় থেকে পরবর্তী পর্যায়ে চলে যেতে পারে। সেটি কোষের জন্য খুবই ক্ষতিকর। কোষচক্রের স্বাভাবিক নিয়ন্ত্রণ ব্যাহত হলে ক্যান্সারের মতো ভয়াবহ রোগ হতে পারে। স্বাভাবিকভাবে তোমাদের মনে প্রশ্ন জাগতে পারে, কোষচক্রটি নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয় কীভাবে, অর্থাৎ কীভাবে কোষ জানতে পারে কখন বৃদ্ধি পেতে হবে, কখন ডিএনএ'র প্রতিলিপন হতে হবে কিংবা কখন বিভক্ত হতে হবে। কোষচক্র প্রধানত কিছু নিয়ন্ত্রক প্রোটিন দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়। এইসব প্রোটিন কোষটি এগিয়ে যাওয়ার আগে পূর্ববর্তী পর্বটি সম্পূর্ণ হয়েছে কি না সেটি নিশ্চিত করে এবং চক্রের পরবর্তী পর্ব শুরু বা বিলম্বিত করার জন্য কোষকে সংকেত দিয়ে চক্রটিকে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে।

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Request history8.2.28PHP Version71.11msRequest Duration8MBMemory UsageGET academy/written-questionRoute
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:323
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:116
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:323
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:116
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:375
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:345
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:119
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#488satt_satt_mobile_app1.45msselect * from `written_questions` where `subject_id` = 1830 and `id` != 39885 and exists (select * from `written_metas` where `written_questions`.`id` = `written_metas`.`written_question_id` and `question_instruction` = 0 and `written_metas`.`deleted_at` is null) and `written_questions`.`deleted_at` is null limit 6
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#488satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (66531) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#488satt_satt_mobile_app90μsselect `id`, `name` from `boards` where `boards`.`id` in (1) and `boards`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:488
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:414
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
        • view::academy.subject.written.single_question:209
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      App\Models\WrittenQuestion
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      App\Models\WrittenMeta
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      App\Models\User
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      App\Models\PackagePlan
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      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php#?
      App\Models\SubCategory
      2SubCategory.php#?
      App\Models\Category
      2Category.php#?
      App\Models\Description
      2Description.php#?
      App\Models\BoardExam
      2BoardExam.php#?
      App\Models\Board
      2Board.php#?
      App\Models\MainCategory
      1MainCategory.php#?
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