Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

The Earth's climate changes. It is vastly different now from what it was 100 million years ago when dinosaurs dominated the planet and tropical plants thrived in high latitudes. It is different from what it was even 18,000 years ago, when ice-sheets covered much more of the northern hemisphere. In the future it will surely continue to evolve. In part the evolution will be driven by natural causes, such as slow changes in the Earth's orbit over many thousands of years. But further climatic change, unlike that of the past, will probably have another important source as well: human activities.

Which of the following titles is suitable for this paragraph?

Created: 2 years ago | Updated: 2 years ago
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Request history8.2.28PHP Version59.38msRequest Duration7MBMemory UsageGET admission/single-questionRoute
    • Booting (29.27ms)time
    • Application (30.1ms)time
    • 1 x Application (50.69%)
      30.10ms
      1 x Booting (49.3%)
      29.27ms
      33 templates were rendered
      • questions.mcq.single_questionsingle_question.blade.php#?blade
      • questions.include.show_timeshow_time.blade.php#?blade
      • questions.mode.readingreading.blade.php#?blade
      • questions.include.activity_layoutactivity_layout.blade.php#?blade
      • questions.mcq.sidebarsidebar.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.bookmark_modalbookmark_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.tag_add_modaltag_add_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.add_description_modaladd_description_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.video_modalvideo_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.edit_description_modaledit_description_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.error_report_modalerror_report_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • job.job_include.job_scriptjob_script.blade.php#?blade
      • common.script.activity_scriptactivity_script.blade.php#?blade
      • common.script.navigator_sharenavigator_share.blade.php#?blade
      • common.script.follow_unfollow_scriptfollow_unfollow_script.blade.php#?blade
      • common.script.short_statistics_scriptshort_statistics_script.blade.php#?blade
      • layouts.single-question-appsingle-question-app.blade.php#?blade
      • includes.single_header_linksingle_header_link.blade.php#?blade
      • common.login_modallogin_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • components.authentication-card-logoauthentication-card-logo.blade.php#?blade
      • layouts.headerheader.blade.php#?blade
      • layouts.toolbartoolbar.blade.php#?blade
      • layouts.footerfooter.blade.php#?blade
      • common.includes.promotion_modalpromotion_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.includes.promotion_offcanvaspromotion_offcanvas.blade.php#?blade
      • includes.footer_link2footer_link2.blade.php#?blade
      • includes.restrictrestrict.blade.php#?blade
      • livewire-alert::components.scriptsscripts.blade.php#?blade
      • livewire-alert::components.flashflash.blade.php#?blade
      • admin.include.toastrtoastr.blade.php#?blade
      • common.search.search_scriptsearch_script.blade.php#?blade
      • common.script.promotion_scriptpromotion_script.blade.php#?blade
      • common.script.promotion_functionspromotion_functions.blade.php#?blade
      uri
      GET admission/single-question
      middleware
      web, throttle:global
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Academy\QuestionController@singleMcq
      namespace
      prefix
      where
      as
      admission.single-question
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:62-98
      28 statements were executed6.8ms
      • QuestionController.php#150satt_satt_mobile_app180μsselect `id`, `view_count`, `main_category_id` from `questions` where `questions`.`id` = '251825' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 251825
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:150
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:145
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:66
      • QuestionController.php#150satt_satt_mobile_app160μsselect * from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (251825) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:150
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:145
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:66
      • QuestionController.php#190satt_satt_mobile_app540μsupdate `questions` set `view_count` = `view_count` + 1 where `id` = 251825
        Bindings
        • 0: 251825
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:190
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Lock.php:95
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:187
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:79
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app220μsselect `id`, `view_count`, `vote`, `subject_id`, `category_id`, `sub_category_id`, `board_exam_id`, `passage_id`, `question_type`, `question`, `is_duplicate`, `status`, `image`, `meta_og_image`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `created_at`, `updated_at`, exists(select * from `review_contents` where `questions`.`id` = `review_contents`.`reviewable_id` and `review_contents`.`reviewable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question') as `review_content_exists` from `questions` where `id` = '251825' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        • 1: 251825
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `option_1`, `option_2`, `option_3`, `option_4`, `option_5`, `image_option`, `image_question`, `answer` from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (251825) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `title`, `passage` from `passages` where `passages`.`id` in (601) and `passages`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug`, `meta_og_image` from `sub_categories` where `sub_categories`.`id` in (5431) and `sub_categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `name`, `des_updated_by`, `des_added_by`, `link_subject_id`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (73) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (88242) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (73) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app230μsselect `subjects`.`id`, `subjects`.`name`, `subjects`.`slug`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, `subjectables`.`created_user_id` as `pivot_created_user_id`, `subjectables`.`deleted_at` as `pivot_deleted_at`, `subjectables`.`status` as `pivot_status`, `subjectables`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `subjectables`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `subjects` inner join `subjectables` on `subjects`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subject_id` where `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` in (251825) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect * from `vote_statistics` where `vote_statistics`.`question_id` in (251825)
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app240μsselect * from `descriptions` where `descriptions`.`descriptionable_id` in (251825) and `descriptions`.`descriptionable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `status` in ('approve', 'active') and `descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null order by `vote` desc
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        • 1: approve
        • 2: active
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app120μsselect `id`, `bookmarkable_id`, `bookmarkable_type`, `user_id` from `bookmarks` where `bookmarks`.`bookmarkable_id` in (251825) and `bookmarks`.`bookmarkable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `user_id` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `votable_id`, `votable_type`, `user_id` from `votes` where `votes`.`votable_id` in (251825) and `votes`.`votable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `user_id` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `user_id`, `choosen_option` from `vote_logs` where `vote_logs`.`question_id` in (251825) and `user_id` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app2.05msselect `id`, `view_count`, `vote`, `subject_id`, `category_id`, `sub_category_id`, `board_exam_id`, `passage_id`, `question_type`, `question`, `is_duplicate`, `status`, `image`, `created_at`, `updated_at` from `questions` where `id` in (180031, 86113, 86179, 86180, 86235, 89160, 151198, 88478, 89243, 151202, 89238, 106639, 108334, 111613, 129734, 142450, 152535, 160530, 160998, 174986, 177844, 177875, 178852, 179393, 180096, 184324, 210649, 221291, 246358, 95664, 95819, 95832, 95843, 99362, 100000, 102088, 104762, 107186, 107445, 107525, 107555, 108952, 109102, 109648, 109713, 109773, 111466, 111599, 111611, 111651, 112610, 124959, 126480, 128273, 128542, 129560, 129561, 129562, 129563, 130463, 130464, 133137, 134341, 134344, 135207, 135492, 135629, 135880, 135917, 136004, 136024, 136493, 136696, 137176, 151203, 151862, 151940, 155717, 161085, 162755, 166688, 166750, 166751, 166806, 167992, 168121, 168218, 170007, 170764, 171116, 171117, 171118, 171120, 171412, 171458, 171464, 171470, 171471, 171481, 174983, 175900, 176390, 176988, 177089, 177093, 177254, 178339, 178414, 178845, 179362, 179391, 179394, 179472, 179550, 179631, 179632, 179634, 179905, 179925, 179926, 180419, 182323, 183253, 183464, 183633, 184269, 184561, 191292, 193099, 193389, 193930, 195387, 195552, 195779, 195942, 196128, 196564, 196655, 196656, 196657, 196658, 196659, 197000, 197244, 197245, 197416, 197420, 197421, 200409, 200568, 202454, 206378, 206556, 212465, 215705, 217211, 218784, 220456, 221576, 221744, 223692, 223741, 223744, 223746, 223753, 223947, 224047, 234694, 236262, 241088, 242480, 245517, 246440, 247111, 247114, 247118, 247381, 247934, 247939, 248856, 249451, 249452, 249585, 249586, 249698, 251825, 253742, 253743, 100806, 105036, 106964, 107405, 107915, 127755, 127757, 129854, 129924, 174984, 174985, 193087, 216282, 216415, 244827, 245651, 246520, 251651, 252955, 101078, 106053, 106463, 112283, 125895, 134442, 136021, 176815, 179415, 182761, 183414, 196565, 196980, 207388, 221445, 221461, 222207, 222301, 223546, 223739, 223974, 242484, 245907, 247113, 248956, 249457, 253358, 223032, 95660, 101418, 106461, 109201, 110327, 195739, 197377, 231664, 253450, 100916, 100918, 100926, 100930, 101302, 101303, 101304, 101305, 101306) and `id` != 251825 and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null order by `created_at` desc limit 6
        Bindings
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        • 1: 86113
        • 2: 86179
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        • 5: 89160
        • 6: 151198
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app230μsselect * from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (251651, 252955, 253358, 253450, 253742, 253743) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (73) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app180μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `sub_categories` where `sub_categories`.`id` in (5423, 5433, 5439, 5442, 5443) and `sub_categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `name` from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (163) and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect * from `vote_statistics` where `vote_statistics`.`question_id` in (251651, 252955, 253358, 253450, 253742, 253743)
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app120μsselect `id`, `bookmarkable_id`, `bookmarkable_type`, `user_id` from `bookmarks` where `bookmarks`.`bookmarkable_id` in (251651, 252955, 253358, 253450, 253742, 253743) and `bookmarks`.`bookmarkable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `user_id` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `votable_id`, `votable_type`, `user_id` from `votes` where `votes`.`votable_id` in (251651, 252955, 253358, 253450, 253742, 253743) and `votes`.`votable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `user_id` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • QuestionController.php#451satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `user_id`, `choosen_option` from `vote_logs` where `vote_logs`.`question_id` in (251651, 252955, 253358, 253450, 253742, 253743) and `user_id` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
      • single_question.blade.php#85satt_satt_mobile_app200μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 163 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 163
        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • restrict.blade.php#30satt_satt_mobile_app190μsselect * from `package_plans` where `status` = 'active' and `package_plans`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: active
        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      App\Models\Subject
      9Subject.php#?
      App\Models\Question
      8Question.php#?
      App\Models\QuestionOption
      8QuestionOption.php#?
      App\Models\SubCategory
      6SubCategory.php#?
      App\Models\PackagePlan
      3PackagePlan.php#?
      App\Models\Category
      2Category.php#?
      App\Models\Passage
      1Passage.php#?
      App\Models\User
      1User.php#?
      App\Models\SubjectDescription
      1SubjectDescription.php#?
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