Articles

- English English Grammar | - | NCTB BOOK
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Use of Articles

>Articles মুলত Noun, Pronoun এর আগে বসে তাদের সংখ্যা এবং নির্দিষ্টতা, অনির্দিষ্টতা জ্ঞাপন করে। এদের এই আচরণের জন্য এদের Determiner বা Adjective বলাটাও যৌক্তিক।

>Articles কে প্রধানত দুই ভাগে ভাগ করে যায়।

Indefinite Articles: A, An-এরা  Indefinite Article. (এরা নির্দিষ্টভাবে কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা কোনো বিষয়কে নির্দেশ করে না)

Definite Articles: The হল Definite Article (এটি কোনো বিশেষ ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা বিষয়কে নির্দিষ্টভাবে বোঝাতে বা চিহ্নিত করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে)

Case

Article

Example

Consonant sound দিয়ে হওয়া words ক্ষেত্রে তাদের আগে অনির্দিষ্টতা জ্ঞাপন  aA sample, A basketball.
Vowel sound দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া words এর ক্ষেত্রে তাদের আগে অনির্দিষ্টতা জ্ঞাপনেanAn heir, An honest man.
কোনো general  statement দিতে অথবা প্রথম বারের মতো subject কে বাক্যে mention করতে an A car is mandatory.
কারো স্বভাব,চরিত্র বা বৈশিষ্ট্য (Nature, feature) বোঝাতে।anThis is a nice collection of perfumes.
কারো কাজ বা পেশা বোঝাতেanNeha is a dentist.
সাধারণত কোনো noun এর বৈশিষ্ট্য বর্ণনা করতে singular common noun এর আগেanA novelist can write his words in a detailed descriptive way.
প্রথমবার ব্যবহৃত Singular countable noun এর ক্ষেত্রে অথবা অসংখ্যর মাঝে অনির্দিষ্টভাবে কোনো একটিকে নির্দেশ করতেa/anA bicycle is helpful to maintain good health.
অপরিচিত বা সম্মানিত ব্যক্তি বোঝাতে Mrs/ Mr/Miss বা কোনো noun এর আগেa/anA Mr. Shahib has come to meet the chairman.
ঐ রকম একজন বা কারো মতো একজন অর্থ প্রকাশ করতেa/anHe is a Lalon I see.
Disguised preposition হিসেবে,অর্থাৎ বাক্যে preposition এর কাজ করতেa/anI go a walking every morning.
কিছু কিছু Phrase ( In a hurry ,In a body,In a fix,In a temper,To take an interest) এর ক্ষেত্রেa/anTell about the event in a nutshell.
যখন তুলনা না বুঝিয়ে superlative 'most' কোনো বিশেষ অবস্থা বা গুনের খুব বেশি পরিমান বোঝায় (very অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়) সে ক্ষেত্রেa/anI saw a most (very) enjoying movie.
few, little, lot of, good deal, good many, great many ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রেaA few crops grow on this filed.

 

>>>মনে রাখবেন…

এই Word গুলোর আগে article ব্যবহার করতে গিয়ে আমরা প্রায়ই  হয়ে পড়ি। কিন্তু এদের উচ্চারণের বিষয়টি মাথায়  রাখলেই বিষয়টি আমাদের জন্যে অত্যন্ত সহজ হয়ে যায়।

এই word গুলোর উচ্চারণে সবসময়ই প্রথম consonant sound (হ, ইউ, য)  আসে এবং এগুলোর পূর্বে Indefinite article- (a) ব্যবহৃত হয়।

European, Universal, Eucalyptus, Uniform, Eulogy, Union, Euphemism, Hall, University, Heavy, House, Home.

 

>>>এই word উচ্চারণে সবসময়ই প্রথম Vowel sound (অ্যা আ) আসে এবং এগুলোর পূর্বে Indefinite article (an)  ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Hour, Heir, Herbal, Understanding, Honor, Uncle, Umbrella, Unnatural

 

Definite Article এর ব্যবহার

Case

Example

নির্দিষ্টভাবে কোনো জায়গা/বস্তু/বিষয়কে বোঝাতে Have you ever visited the Haors of Netrakona?
একই বোঝাতে (Similar, Same) শব্দগুলোর পূর্বেI want the same helmet.
প্রথমবার কোন Noun উল্লেখ করলে তার পূর্বেThe resort has a beautiful garden. Let's go to the garden.
সমগ্র জাতি বোঝাতে Singular Common Noun এর পূর্বেThe cat is a very gentle animal.
প্রকৃতিতে যা একটিমাত্র আছে তার পূর্বেThe world. The universe, The earth, The Sun,The Moon, The Sky

সিনেমা হল, টেলিভিশন সেট, থিয়েটার, রেডিও এর

[কিন্তু টেলিভিশন এর মাধ্যমে বোঝাতে the বসে না। I saw

the news on television.]

 I was at the Sony Cinema yesterday.
দিকের নাম (East, West, North, South) বোঝাতে Go to the North.
ভাষার নাম/জাতীয়তাবাচক শব্দ দ্বারা সে জাতির সকল লোকজনকে বোঝাতেThe English are a great nation.
Adjective বিশেষ গুনবিশিষ্ট  শ্রেণীর সকলকে একত্রে নির্দেশ করলেThe poor are not responsible for their miserable life.
Common Noun যখন Abstract Idea বা কারো দোষ ,গুনের নাম বোঝায়The mother rose in Shahida.
বাদ্যযন্ত্র বাজানো বোঝাতে TheI can play the flute.
কিন্তু বাদ্যযন্ত্র থাকা বোঝাতে a/anI have a flute.
বিশেষ কিছু রোগ যেমনঃ The gout (গেঁটেবাত), the measles (হাম), the rums (কর্ণাস্থির প্রদাহপূর্ণ ছোঁয়াচে রোগবিশেষ) এর পূর্বে• সাধারণত রোগের নামের পূর্বে the বসে না।I don't what the effects of the measles are.

 

 

Conventional and Unconventional Uses of "The

Use 'The                      

   Don't Use The"

Oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes  

the Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian  

Singular Lake

Lake Geneva, Lake Baikal, Lake Eric

Mountains

the Rocky Mountains, the Andes

Mounts

Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley

Earth, Moon 

the earth, the moon

Planet, Constellations

Venus, Mars, Earth Orion 

schools, colleges, universities when the phrase begins with school 

the University of Dhaka, the College of  Livestock and Animal Sciences. 

Schools, Colleges, Universities when the Phrase begins with a proper noun

Jahangirnagar University, Santa Fe Community College, Cooper's Art School.

Ordinal numbers before nouns

the First World War, the Third chapter

Cardinal Numbers after Nouns 

World War One, Chapter three

Plural word country names (Except Great Britain)

The United States of America.

The United Kingdom.

The Central African Republic

Countries Preceded by 'New' or Adjectives as direction (East, West, North, South)

New Zealand, South Africa, North Korea

Countries with Only One Word

Bangladesh, India, Sweden, Venezuela

Continents

Europe, Africa, South America

States

Florida, Ohio, California

Historical documents

the Constitution, the Magna Carta

 Historical Speech

The Gettysburg Address. The 7th March Address

Ethnic Group

the Indians, the Garos, the Marmas

Wars

the Crimean War, the Korean War

Sports

Baseball, Cricket

Abstract Nouns

 Freedom, Happiness, Kindness

General Areas of Subject-matter

Mathematics, Sociology

Holidays

Christmas, Thanksgiving, Ramadan.

 

   

common.content_added_and_updated_by
টপ রেটেড অ্যাপ

স্যাট অ্যাকাডেমী অ্যাপ

আমাদের অল-ইন-ওয়ান মোবাইল অ্যাপের মাধ্যমে সীমাহীন শেখার সুযোগ উপভোগ করুন।

ভিডিও
লাইভ ক্লাস
এক্সাম
ডাউনলোড করুন
Promotion
;
Request history8.2.28PHP Version78.86msRequest Duration14MBMemory UsageGET job-solution/{slug}Route
    • Booting (33.03ms)time
    • Application (45.82ms)time
    • 1 x Application (58.11%)
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      1 x Booting (41.88%)
      33.03ms
      109 templates were rendered
      • 1x academy.subject.read_chapterread_chapter.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x academy.include.sidebarListsidebarList.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x academy.include.left_sidebar_menuleft_sidebar_menu.blade.php#?blade
      • 64x academy.include.sidebarSubListsidebarSubList.blade.php#?blade
      • 5x academy.include.question_cardquestion_card.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.modal.self_test_modalself_test_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.modal.bookmark_modalbookmark_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.modal.error_report_modalerror_report_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.modal.video_modalvideo_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.page_type_scriptpage_type_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x job.job_include.job_scriptjob_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.activity_scriptactivity_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.test_scripttest_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.custom_dropdowncustom_dropdown.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.follow_unfollow_scriptfollow_unfollow_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.short_statistics_scriptshort_statistics_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.navigator_sharenavigator_share.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x layouts.satt-appsatt-app.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x includes.header_link2header_link2.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x layouts.headerheader.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x layouts.toolbartoolbar.blade.php#?blade
      • 2x components.custom-adcustom-ad.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x frontend.downloadourappdownloadourapp.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x frontend.referralreferral.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x auth.user_type_modaluser_type_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x layouts.footerfooter.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.login_modallogin_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x components.authentication-card-logoauthentication-card-logo.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.includes.promotion_modalpromotion_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.includes.notification_item_modalnotification_item_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.includes.notification_item_list_modalnotification_item_list_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.includes.promotion_offcanvaspromotion_offcanvas.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x includes.footer_link2footer_link2.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x includes.restrictrestrict.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x livewire-alert::components.scriptsscripts.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x livewire-alert::components.flashflash.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x admin.include.toastrtoastr.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.search.search_scriptsearch_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.promotion_scriptpromotion_script.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x common.script.promotion_functionspromotion_functions.blade.php#?blade
      • 1x includes.copy_restrictioncopy_restriction.blade.php#?blade
      uri
      GET job-solution/{slug}
      middleware
      web, throttle:global
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Academy\SubjectController@chapter
      namespace
      prefix
      where
      as
      subject.chapter
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:102-110
      23 statements were executed (4 duplicates)Show only duplicates6.84ms
      • SubjectRepository.php#94satt_satt_mobile_app170μsselect `id`, `main_category_id`, `parent_id`, `show_content` from `subjects` where `slug` = 'articles' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: articles
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:94
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:91
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:32
      • SubjectService.php#43satt_satt_mobile_app560μsupdate `subjects` set `view_count` = `view_count` + 1, `subjects`.`updated_at` = '2025-04-20 01:44:49' where `id` = 608
        Bindings
        • 0: 2025-04-20 01:44:49
        • 1: 608
        Backtrace
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:43
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • QueryBuilder.php#38satt_satt_mobile_app120μsselect `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where `id` = 608 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 608
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:38
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:60
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:235
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:227
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app190μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `show_content`, `num_of_mcq`, `num_of_written`, `des_added_by`, `des_updated_by`, `author_name`, `link_subject_id`, `sub_category_id`, `main_category_id`, `slug`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `meta_description`, `vote`, `view_count`, `icon`, `page_type`, `chapter_name` from `subjects` where (`subjects`.`_lft` between 2881 and 2882) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 2881
        • 1: 2882
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `description`, `short_description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (608) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app160μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `sub_categories` where `sub_categories`.`id` in (0) and `sub_categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app130μsselect `id`, `user_id`, `completeable_type`, `completeable_id`, `complete_progress`, `is_complete` from `completes` where `completes`.`completeable_id` in (608) and `completes`.`completeable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Subject'
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app1.44msselect * from (select `questions`.`id`, `questions`.`subject_id`, `questions`.`category_id`, `questions`.`sub_category_id`, `questions`.`board_exam_id`, `questions`.`passage_id`, `questions`.`question_type`, `questions`.`question`, `questions`.`is_duplicate`, `questions`.`status`, `questions`.`image`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, row_number() over (partition by `subjectables`.`subject_id` order by `questions`.`created_at` desc) as `laravel_row` from `questions` inner join `subjectables` on `questions`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` where `subjectables`.`subject_id` in (608) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `questions`.`status` = 'active' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null) as `laravel_table` where `laravel_row` <= 5 order by `laravel_row`
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        • 1: active
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app250μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `option_1`, `option_2`, `option_3`, `option_4`, `option_5`, `image_option`, `image_question`, `answer` from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (240142, 240206, 241007, 246190, 247301) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (2) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app220μsselect `subjects`.`id`, `subjects`.`name`, `subjects`.`slug`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, `subjectables`.`created_user_id` as `pivot_created_user_id`, `subjectables`.`deleted_at` as `pivot_deleted_at`, `subjectables`.`status` as `pivot_status`, `subjectables`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `subjectables`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `subjects` inner join `subjectables` on `subjects`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subject_id` where `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` in (240142, 240206, 241007, 246190, 247301) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app120μsselect `id`, `title`, `passage` from `passages` where `passages`.`id` in (0) and `passages`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:121
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
      • SubjectRepository.php#125satt_satt_mobile_app1.7msselect `id`, `name`, `slug`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where (2882 between `subjects`.`_lft` and `subjects`.`_rgt` and `subjects`.`id` <> 608) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null order by `_lft` asc
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:125
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:121
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
      • SubjectRepository.php#137satt_satt_mobile_app160μsselect * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 608 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:137
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#140satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `slug`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `meta_description` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 548 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:140
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#140satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (548) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:140
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#325satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect * from `mediables` where `mediable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Subject' and `mediable_id` in (608)
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
        • 1: 608
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:325
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:76
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectRepository.php#340satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `videos`.`video_src_url`, `mediables`.`mediable_id` as `chapter_id` from `videos` inner join `mediables` on `mediables`.`mediable_id` = `videos`.`id` where `videos`.`id` = 0 and `videos`.`video_src` = 'youtube' and `videos`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 0
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:340
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:77
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectService.php#82satt_satt_mobile_app210μsselect `id`, `name`, `main_category_id`, `slug` from `subjects` where `id` <> 608 and `parent_id` = 548 and `main_category_id` = 1 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 5
        Bindings
        • 0: 608
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        Backtrace
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:82
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • restrict.blade.php#30satt_satt_mobile_app290μsselect * from `package_plans` where `status` = 'active' and `package_plans`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      App\Models\Subject
      20Subject.php#?
      App\Models\Question
      5Question.php#?
      App\Models\QuestionOption
      5QuestionOption.php#?
      App\Models\PackagePlan
      3PackagePlan.php#?
      App\Models\SubjectDescription
      2SubjectDescription.php#?
      App\Models\User
      2User.php#?
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