দৃশ্যমান আলো আসলে বিভিন্ন বর্ণের মিশ্রণ। প্রত্যেক বর্ণের নিজস্ব নিজস্ব তরঙ্গদৈর্ঘ্য এবং ফ্রিকুয়েন্সী থাকে। মানুষের দৃশ্যমান আলো শুরু লাল, কমলা থেকে এবং শেষ হয় বেগুনীতে। একটা বস্তু যখন কোনো তরঙ্গকে শোষণ না করে প্রতিফলিত করে, তখন ঐ তরঙ্গের আলো এসে আমাদের চোখে পড়ে এবং বস্তুটিকে আমরা সেই তরঙ্গের বর্ণেরই মনে করি। কোনো বস্তু কী রঙ দেখাবে সেটা বস্তুর একটি বিশেষ ধর্ম অর্থাত্ তরঙ্গগুলিকে শোষণ করার ক্ষমতার উপর নির্ভর করে। আলোক তরঙ্গের মিশ্রণ থেকে কিছু তরঙ্গ কে শোষণ এবং কিছু তরঙ্গ কে প্রতিফলিত করার জন্য প্রতিটি বস্তুর একটি বিশেষ ধর্ম আছে। যখন কোন বস্তুর উপর আলো পড়ে তখন সেই আলো প্রতিফলিত হয়ে আমাদের চোখে আসে। বস্তুটি আলোর তরঙ্গ - মিশ্রণের থেকে বেশ কিছু বা প্রায় সব তরঙ্গই শোষণ করে নিতে পারে। কখনও কখনও আবার শোষণ না করে সমস্ত রঙের তরঙ্গগুলিকেই প্রতিফলিত করে দিতে পারে। বস্তু যখন কোনো তরঙ্গ কে শোষণ না করে প্রতিফলিত করে তখন ঐ তরঙ্গের আলো এসে আমাদের চোখে পড়ে।
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