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বাংলাদেশে হাইড্রোজেনের উৎস হলো-

Created: 7 years ago | Updated: 3 months ago
Updated: 3 months ago
প্রাথমিক প্রধান শিক্ষক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষা প্রাথমিক বিদ্যালয় প্রধান শিক্ষক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষা-2008-(ঢাকা বিভাগ-01) (18-04-2008) সাধারণ বিজ্ঞান প্রাত্যহিক জীবনে রসায়ন
Description
951
Best Ans:

বানান বিশ্লেষণ: হ্ + আ + ই + ড্ + র্ + ও + জ্ + এ + ন্ + অ
উচ্চারণ: [হাই.ড্রো.জেন] [ɦai. ɖro.ɟen]
শব্দ - উৎস: গ্রিক hudôr (পানি) + gennan (উৎপন্ন করা)>ইংরেজি Hydrogen(হাইড্রোজেন)

খ্রিষ্টীয় ষোড়শ শতাব্দীতে প্যারেসলাস (Paracelsus) বলেছিলেন যে, ধাতুর সাথে এ্যাসিডের বিক্রিয়ার ফলে একটি গ্যাস উৎপন্ন হয়। তবে তিনি এই গ্যাসের সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত কিছু জানান নি। ১৭৫৩ খ্রিষ্টাব্দে হেনরী ক্যাভেণ্ডিস (Henry Cavendish) সর্বপ্রথম পরীক্ষা করে দেখেন যে, আগুনের সংস্পর্শে গ্যাসটি জ্বলে ওঠে। তাই তিনি গ্যাসটির নাম দেন—দাহ্য বায়ু (Inflammable Air) ১৭৮৮ খ্রিষ্টাব্দে ল্যাভয়সিয়ে (Lavoisier) প্রমাণ করেন যে, হাইড্রোজেন একটি মৌলিক পদার্থ। এই গ্যাসটি বাতাসে জ্বলার কারণে পানি উৎপন্ন করে। এই কারণে তিনি এর নাম দেন পানি উৎপাদক বা হাইড্রোজেন। এর তিনটি সমাণু (Isotope) রয়েছে। এই তিনটি সমাণু হলো - H - 1, H - 2 এবং H - 3।

বায়ুমণ্ডলে এই গ্যাস মৌলিক ও যৌগিক উভয় রূপেই পাওয়া যায়। সাধারণভাবে বায়ুমণ্ডলের ওজনের শতকরা ১ ভাগ হাইড্রোজেন আছে। সৌরমণ্ডলে, আগ্নেয়গিরি থেকে নির্গত গ্যাসে, অন্যান্য প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের খনিতে আবদ্ধ অবস্থায় এবং বায়ুতে মৌলিক হাইড্রোজেনের অস্তিত্ব দেখা যায়। প্রকৃতিতে যৌগাবস্থায় পানি, এ্যাসিড, ক্ষার, পেট্রোলিয়াম ও অন্যান্য জৈব পদার্থে পাওয়া যায়। সাধারণ হাইড্রোজেন, দুই ধরনের হাইড্রোজেনের সংমিশ্রণে গঠিত হয়। এদের একটি অর্থো - হাইড্রোজেন, অপরটি প্যারা - হাইড্রোজেন। উল্লেখ্য, কোনো হাইড্রোজেনের অণুতে অবস্থিত প্রোটনদ্বয়ের ঘূর্ণন যদি একই দিকে হয়, তবে তখন তাকে অর্থো - হাইড্রোজেন বলে। আর যখন দুটি প্রোটনের ঘূর্ণন পরস্পরের বিপরীত দিকে হয়, তখন তাকে প্যারা - হাইড্রোজেন বলে। এই হাইড্রোজেন দুইটির রাসানিক ধর্ম একই। তবে ভৌত ধর্মে কিছু কিছু পার্থক্য দেখা যায়। তূলনামূলকভাবে অর্থো - হাইড্রোজেনের আণবিক শক্তি বেশি। যে কারণে ২৫% তাপমাত্রার বৃদ্ধির ফলে প্যারা - হাইড্রোজেন ভেঙে যায়। কিন্তু অর্থো - হাইড্রোজেন ভাঙার জন্য ৭৫% তাপমাত্রা বৃদ্ধির প্রয়োজন হয়।

হাইড্রোজেনের আইসোটোপ : হাইড্রোজেনের তিনটি আইসোটোপ আছে। এগুলি হলো—

১. হাইড্রোজেন : এর প্রতীক H, এতে একটি প্রোটন ও একটি ইলেক্ট্রন আছে, কোনো নিউট্রন থাকে না।
২. ডিউটেরিয়াম : এর প্রতীক D, এতে একটি প্রোটন, একটি ইলেক্ট্রন ও একটি নিউট্রন থাকে। এটি বর্ণহীন, স্বাদহীন ও গন্ধহীন গ্যাস। এটি সাধারণত সাধারণ হাইড্রোজেন অপেক্ষা দ্বিগুণ ভারী হয়।
৩. ট্রিটিয়াম : এর প্রতীক T, এতে একটি প্রোটন, একটি ইলেক্ট্রনও দুটি নিউট্রন থাকে। এটি সাধারণ হাইড্রোজেন অপেক্ষা তিনগুণ ভারী।

7 years ago
Md Azizur Rahman
FOUNDER OF SATT

সাধারণ বিজ্ঞান

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Promotion
MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews33RouteQueries30Models48Livewire0MailsGateSessionRequest
Request history8.2.27PHP Version69.94msRequest Duration9MBMemory UsageGET job-solution/single-questionRoute
    • Booting (32.71ms)time
    • Application (37.23ms)time
    • 1 x Application (53.23%)
      37.23ms
      1 x Booting (46.76%)
      32.71ms
      33 templates were rendered
      • questions.mcq.single_questionsingle_question.blade.php#?blade
      • questions.include.show_timeshow_time.blade.php#?blade
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      • common.modal.bookmark_modalbookmark_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.tag_add_modaltag_add_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.add_description_modaladd_description_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.video_modalvideo_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.edit_description_modaledit_description_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • common.modal.error_report_modalerror_report_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • job.job_include.job_scriptjob_script.blade.php#?blade
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      • includes.single_header_linksingle_header_link.blade.php#?blade
      • common.login_modallogin_modal.blade.php#?blade
      • components.authentication-card-logoauthentication-card-logo.blade.php#?blade
      • layouts.headerheader.blade.php#?blade
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      uri
      GET job-solution/single-question
      middleware
      web, throttle:global
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      job.single-question
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      app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:62-98
      30 statements were executed4.63ms
      • QuestionController.php#150debugerror_satt200μsselect `id`, `view_count`, `main_category_id` from `questions` where `questions`.`id` = '4119' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:150
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:145
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      • QuestionController.php#150debugerror_satt140μsselect * from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (4119) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:150
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:145
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:66
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:190
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:79
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt180μsselect `id`, `view_count`, `vote`, `subject_id`, `category_id`, `sub_category_id`, `board_exam_id`, `passage_id`, `question_type`, `question`, `is_duplicate`, `status`, `image`, `meta_og_image`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `created_at`, `updated_at`, exists(select * from `review_contents` where `questions`.`id` = `review_contents`.`reviewable_id` and `review_contents`.`reviewable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question') as `review_content_exists` from `questions` where `id` = '4119' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt110μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `option_1`, `option_2`, `option_3`, `option_4`, `option_5`, `image_option`, `image_question`, `answer` from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (4119) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt100μsselect `id`, `title`, `passage` from `passages` where `passages`.`id` in (0) and `passages`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt110μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug`, `meta_og_image` from `sub_categories` where `sub_categories`.`id` in (292) and `sub_categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt120μsselect `id`, `name`, `des_updated_by`, `des_added_by`, `link_subject_id`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (6) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt130μsselect `id`, `description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (6) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt180μsselect `subjects`.`id`, `subjects`.`name`, `subjects`.`slug`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, `subjectables`.`created_user_id` as `pivot_created_user_id`, `subjectables`.`deleted_at` as `pivot_deleted_at`, `subjectables`.`status` as `pivot_status`, `subjectables`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `subjectables`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `subjects` inner join `subjectables` on `subjects`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subject_id` where `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` in (4119) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt190μsselect * from `descriptions` where `descriptions`.`descriptionable_id` in (4119) and `descriptions`.`descriptionable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `status` in ('approve', 'active') and `descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null order by `vote` desc
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt110μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (1) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt90μsselect `id`, `bookmarkable_id`, `bookmarkable_type`, `user_id` from `bookmarks` where `bookmarks`.`bookmarkable_id` in (4119) and `bookmarks`.`bookmarkable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `user_id` is null
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt120μsselect `id`, `votable_id`, `votable_type`, `user_id` from `votes` where `votes`.`votable_id` in (4119) and `votes`.`votable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `user_id` is null
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
      • QuestionController.php#256debugerror_satt80μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `user_id`, `choosen_option` from `vote_logs` where `vote_logs`.`question_id` in (4119) and `user_id` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:256
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:208
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:82
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        • app/Services/DynamicPrintService.php:99
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:402
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:451
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/QuestionController.php:411
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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        Backtrace
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      App\Models\Subject
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      App\Models\PackagePlan
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      App\Models\Category
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      App\Models\SubjectDescription
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          ClearShow all
          Date ↕MethodURLData
          #12025-03-17 02:22:17GET/job-solution/single-question?ques_id=4119++++++++++++++++++++++++++++333048